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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
如何安全愉快过寒假？北京儿童医院专家来支招****** 目前，孩子们的寒假生活已经开启。如何让假期过得安全、愉快而充实呢？北京儿童医院心理治疗师徐畅表示，一个有意义的假期需要家长和孩子共同来打造。他特别给家长、孩子支上如下几招： 科学应对疫情 树立战胜病毒信心 这个寒假是疫情防控进入新阶段后的第一个寒假，科学有效应对疫情是保证孩子健康、安全的关键。徐畅表示，除了做好日常健康防护、准备好药物抗原等物资外，调整好心态，树立战胜病毒的信心也十分重要。 徐畅建议家长首先调整好自己的情绪，为孩子做好情绪示范，同时对孩子产生的负面情绪进行合理引导、比如对年龄较小的孩子可以通过拥抱、轻拍进行安抚；对年龄较大的孩子运用“腹式呼吸法”“肌肉放松法”“蝴蝶拍” 等方法帮助他们改善情绪。特别对于还“未阳”的孩子，徐畅建议家长引导孩子关注当下。“可以告诉孩子‘这一刻我仍然拥有健康，有让自己开心的时间。即使真的生病，也有家人陪伴我一起面对。’”徐畅说。 此外，家长应耐心、平和地解答孩子对于疫情的疑问。对于年龄较大的孩子，家长还可以精选一些和疫情有关的信息推荐给他们，帮助孩子正确认识病毒，坚定战疫必胜的信心。 制定寒假计划 让假期充实又精彩 寒假中，孩子有了更多自由支配的时间，但如果没有合理规划，孩子可能会出现无所事事、失去目标和动力等情况，有的甚至会出现焦虑、抑郁等心理问题。 因此，徐畅建议家长和孩子共同制定一份寒假生活学习计划，合理安排学习、休息、娱乐和体育锻炼时间。“在假期计划中应该安排家庭集体活动，比如全家一起运动、一起准备年货等，这将有助于提升家庭整体幸福感。”徐畅说，假期计划可以相对宽松，但家长要积极鼓励孩子切实执行，帮助孩子度过一个有规划的寒假。 拒绝沉迷电子产品 增进亲子沟通 假期中，很多孩子会沉迷于手机、平板电脑等电子产品。对此，徐畅表示，解决方法并非“夺走手机”那么简单，家长不妨利用假期时间多与孩子沟通交流，鼓励他们多结交朋友，共同努力让假期生活丰富多彩起来。 此外，家长与孩子在家中共处的时间增多，冲突可能也会随之增多。徐畅建议，家长与孩子发生争吵时，双方不要急于表达，可以先按下暂停键，静一静，等到情绪稳定后再态度温和地进行沟通。在沟通方式上应遵循非暴力沟通方式，先描述客观事实，再说出感受，最后说出需求和希望。对于高年级的孩子，家长可以给予他们一定的独处空间，尊重他们对独立和独处的需求。 （光明网 张倩） （文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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